If the Clothes Fit, Wear It Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In the event that the Clothes Fit, Wear It - Essay Example At the point when the mother went to the entryway, I saw the lady’s face radiating with such a great amount of happiness as she gave the natural product bin to my mother. I recall her truism a lot of thank you’s to my mother as my mother benevolently said that she was just happy that she could assist. At the point when the woman with the organic product bushel left, mother disclosed to me that the woman was the little girl of one of her patients in the clinic who has quite recently as of late recuperated. I recall my teacher disclosing to us that medical caretakers assume a significant job in the network since they help specialists and deal with wiped out individuals. That second when the woman with the natural product bin came, I came to acknowledge precisely what my teacher implied. That was additionally the second that I revealed to myself that sometime in the future, I would wear the equivalent faultlessly white garments, help specialists and deal with wiped out ind ividuals. Since the time that day, I have attempted my best and buckled down in attempting to achieve my objective of sometime being much the same as my mom. As an authorized professional medical attendant, I have come to acknowledge life and all that it brings to the table, including the great and the not all that great. Nursing is certifiably not a monetarily compensating calling. It is depleting truly, intellectually and inwardly.

Islam and Terrorism Essay

Muslims, particularly Arab Muslims, are said to have been reliably generalized in films, TV projects, kid's shows and even the news as fear based oppressor creatures, who have no respect for human life (Fisk 125). Also, as Robert Fisk would state, the more movies he viewed, the more kid's shows he saw, the more publications he read, the more dread of the terrible, frightful, outsider Muslim appeared to spread (127). Along these lines the Muslims consistently depicted as the vile, detestable, over-rearing and deserving of pulverization (Fisk 127). Moreover, thus, media currently has compared Islam with dread and fundamentalism, so regardless of where a bomb goes off on the planet, the principal suspects are consistently Muslims (Said 110). Said clarifies that both Israel and the United States distinguish fundamentalist Islam, a name which is regularly compacted into single word, â€Å"Islam† (111). Consequently, the Islamic conviction has been especially connected with fear based oppression. Be that as it may, at that point, does Islam truly advance demonstrations of psychological oppression? This paper plans to dig into the Islamic instructing, explicitly the idea of jihad, which is regularly highlighted be the primary explanation partner Islam with fear mongering. The paper would likewise distinguish the goal of jihad when contrasted with that of psychological warfare. At last, this paper means to reason that in the midst of the negative understandings of jihad contained in the instructing of Islam, Islam doesn't plan to advance psychological oppression however focuses on otherworldly endeavoring in a tranquil way. Jihad Mohammed Abdul Malek, writer of the book entitled A Study of the Qur’an: The Universal Guidance for Mankind, says that, Jihad is regularly a misconstrued idea of Islam (121). Malek says that, in spite of familiar way of thinking that jihad admonishes Muslims to extend Islam by brutal methods, jihad essentially alludes to a profound endeavoring to achieve proximity to Allah (121). Malek stresses that the precept of Jihad never energizes war or brutality (121). He says that it's anything but a blessed war against the non-devotees as is ordinarily comprehended, which expression was simply begat by the West in its battle against the Muslims during the hour of the Crusades, a war affected by the Church for strict addition (Malek 122). Besides, he says that there are different words in Arabic which are increasingly suitable to use in a war circumstance if war was the chief motivation behind Jihad (Malek 122). Instances of which are ‘harb’ which means war and ‘Ma’araka’ which means fight (Malek 122. ). The Qur’an could have utilized these rather than Jihad if the aim was the assertion of war (Malek 122). Malek cites Haji Ibrahim Golightly, who clarifies altogether the inquiry and reason for ‘Jihad’. Golightly discloses that Jihad intends to endeavor or put forth an attempt, for the most part in an Islamic setting, with the goal that anything which requires a push to be made is Jihad and the individual doing it is ‘mujahid’ (122). He says that media’s translation of jihad that it is battling and murdering for the sake of Allah, isn't accurate (Malek 122). He explains that said endeavors are surely for the sake of Allah, however not regarding battling and killing, yet rather includes exercises, for example, making time in a bustling calendar to contemplate the Qur’an; going to ‘halal’ butcher instead of the nearest or most advantageous one; talking about Islam with the two Muslims and non-Muslims and helping them to comprehend it better; examining ‘ayat’ or signs, both of Qur’an and in nature and science, so as to expand ‘ilm’, or information; setting different Muslims a genuine model and demonstrating non-Muslims the genuine method of Muslims (Malek 122). These, he says, are on the whole instances of Jihad in day by day life (Malek 122). Subsequently, Jihad, he clarifies, is the exertion made against inward and outside indecencies as well as to live content with oneself and ones network, regardless of whether Muslim or non-Muslim (Malek 122). Malek further recommends that Jihad must be clarified with regards to the Qur’anic sections in which it is utilized (Malek 122-123). A portion of the ordinary stanzas dependent on the interpretation of Maulana Muhammad Ali’s book entitled ‘The Religion of Islam’, clarifies jihad with regards to the Qur’anic Verses (Malek 123). To start with, it gives that â€Å"(22:78) And endeavor hard ‘jahidu’ for Allah with try which is right† (Malek 123). Ali clarifies that jihad suggests that one ought to apply one’s self to the most extreme capacity, similar to good, otherworldly or political, for the reason for Allah and to set up Allah’s Deen, without depending on war (Malek 123). Furthermore, it gives that â€Å"(29:6) And whoever endeavors hard (jahada), he endeavors (yujahidu) just for his own spirit, that is for his own advantage, for Allah is through and through free of (His) animals (Malek 123). These refrains at that point, as clarified by Malek, show that jihad is the profound endeavoring to accomplish proximity to Allah, and the consequence of this jihad is expressed to be Allah’s direction for those endeavoring his ways (123). It is a battle to win unbelievers not of the blade however of Qur’an (Malek 123). In the refrains refered to, jihad is utilized in the general feeling of endeavoring hard, ethically, profoundly, and in our everyday life, and suggests a battle in Allah’s approaches to accomplish a goal, without falling back on war (Malek 124). Malek additionally refers to the meaning of Jihad from the Muslimsonline. com, which fundamentally implies the endeavoring and alludes to the continuous exertion that an individual must make towards personal development and self-refinement (123). It additionally alludes to the obligation of Muslims, at both individual and aggregate level to battle against all types of wickedness, debasement, unfairness, oppression and persecutions whether submitted by Muslims and non-Muslims (Malek 123). Looking at then the reason for Jihad, which focuses on profound endeavoring (Malek 121), psychological warfare, on the otherhand points just to imperil human life and make a domain of dread and peril. Jihad, which in its source is a serene strict exercise simply like how different religions have, it is a long way from what fear based oppression expects to proliferate. Surely contrasting jihad with what fear based oppression means with achieve, there is for sure an exceptionally large distinction. Beside this, the twofold standard which exists in the public eye additionally will in general twist or sum up Muslim as fear based oppressors. Fisk refers to that once the offenders end up being Americans, the word ‘terrorism’ blurs from the features and are then supplanted into a word called ‘fanatics’ (128). This negative media has then an unfriendly impact on the every day lives of the Muslims (Fisk 129). End As can be seen from the stanzas taken with regards to the Qur’an which is the best source to decipher what jihad is, it instructs ‘spiritual striving’ (Malek 123) instead of what is anticipated in the media that frequently relates it. As clarified by Malek, Islam could have utilized other Arabic words which explicitly allude to war rather than the word ‘jihad’ if the aim was to engender war (122). Moreover, the expression ‘holy war’ is of Western inception ever, which was the battle against Muslims during that season of the Crusades (Malek 122). Fear based oppression on the otherhand, has no other expectation however to make some aggravation and brutality which are perilous to human life. In fact, this isn't a piece of the Islamic educating showed in the Qur’an. Much the same as different religions, which have exercises so as to practice their fundamental opportunity of religion, so does Islam have their own arrangements of exercises which don't at all proliferate war yet through methods which are quiet. Islam as a religion being related with fear mongering in this way frequently is a consequence of twisted perspectives instead of what it truly educates. This is for the most part because of the impact that media has to its watchers which, as we probably am aware is a ground-breaking medium when it comes anticipating and introducing who are considered as fear based oppressors and who are definitely not. This doesn't mean anyway that we ought to endure demonstrations of some Islamic gatherings which are with deficiency, however just implies that there ought to likewise be some duty particularly of people having a place with the media, to report adjusted news or highlight appears without being one-sided or being biased against a religion, division or gathering. There must likewise be regard for different religions simply like how the manner in which the Western method of conviction is regarded. Clarification by those given by those proficient in the translation of Qur’an, should likewise be allowed to clarify the Islamic conviction and must be allowed to likewise be introduced to watchers. In that manner, there would be a more profound comprehension of different religions as well as of different societies also. Without a doubt, everybody of us is against fear mongering due to the danger it brings to our day by day lives. Be that as it may, this ought not bargain regard for different religions too. It is time that there ought to be a solid international strategy toward Muslim nations (Saeed 131). There ought to likewise be some participation with respect to residents of countries in detailing those answerable for terroristic acts. Just along these lines, are we ready to pinpoint the genuine culprits and carry them to equity. Reference Fisk, Robert. â€Å"The Media Stereotype Muslims as Terrorists. † Islam: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, 2000. 125-130. Malek, Mohammed. â€Å"The Islamic Doctrine of Jihad Does Not Advocate Violence. † Islam: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, 2000. 121-123. Saeed, Kazim. â€Å"Media Stereotypes Do Not Define the Image of Muslims. † Islam: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, 2000. 131 †133. Stated, Edward. â€Å"The Problem of Islamic Terrorism Is Overstated. † Islam: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, 2000.

Books To Read During Womens History Month

Books To Read During Womens History Month This is a guest post by Alice Burton. Alice is an opera singer and a ladies history enthusiast. She writes about books, history, and the undervaluing of Meghan Trainor at Reading Rambo. Follower her on Twitter @alice_sings. ____________________ Its March and therefore Womens History Month. What a perfect month to make us realize the long hard struggle is not yet over, and also to read up on the women who helped us get where we are today. For some reason, American womens history seems to begin and end with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. But there is more! So much more! We are grateful for Seneca Falls, but we must remember those before it who helped bring the movement to that point, and those after it who took the Seneca Falls spirit and ran with it. Heres some material thatll help you sound like someone who knows the deep cuts of womens history, starting in the late 18th century and ending in the present: 18th Century Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for Americas Independence by Carol Berkin Women’s roles in the Revolutionary War have been almost erased from history. Berkin proves that women were, in fact, integral to the formation of America. On the Equality of the Sexes by Judith Sargent Murray Even Abigail Adams’s thoughts on women’s rights were only expressed in letters. Judith Sargent Murray’s poem and brief essay were published in 1790, a full two years before Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. 19th Century Declaration of Sentiments by Elizabeth Cady Stanton Stanton’s radical “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal” set the tone for the women’s rights movement for the next 160 years. Discourse on Woman by Lucretia Mott Famed abolitionist and women’s rights advocate Lucretia Mott co-organized the Seneca Falls Convention. In Discourse on Woman, she argues, using biblical and historical references, that the case against woman is a feeble one at best. Aint I A Woman by  Sojourner Truth 130 years before bell hooks’s From Margin to Center, Sojourner Truth reveals the shocking truth that not all women are upper middle class and white. Crusade for Justice by Ida B. Wells Journalist Ida B. Wells led a national anti-lynching campaign, organized a black boycott of the 1893 Columbian Exposition, and forced the integration of the 1913 Woman Suffrage Parade. Crusade for Justice is her 1928 autobiography. Woman, Church and State by Matilda Joslyn Gage Gage was a radical feminist of the mid-1800s who criticized the Church and fought for the rights of Native Americans. In Woman, Church and State, she outlines how women have been oppressed by the Church and patriarchy. A Wheel within a Wheel: How I Learned to Ride the Bicycle by Frances Willard As longtime president of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), Willard’s concept of Home Protection popularized the idea of suffrage by deradicalizing it. Here she pushes women to get out of doors and participate in life. It could be described as the 19th century Lean In. 20th Century Alice Paul and the Battle for the Ballot by Mary Walton If you’re going to read about one person involved in the 20th century’s fight for suffrage, read about Alice Paul. Now We Can Begin: Whats Next? by Crystal Eastman Written immediately after the ratification of women’s suffrage in 1920, Eastman’s call to continued action begins “Men are saying perhaps ‘Thank God, this everlasting womans fight is over!’ But women, if I know them, are saying, ‘Now at last we can begin.’” The Myth of Womens Inferiority by Evelyn Reed This 1954 essay discusses prehistoric women’s roles as chemists, tanners, textile-makers, and architects. The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House by Audre Lorde Lord advocates bringing all voices to the table, noting that difference “must be not merely tolerated, but seen as a fund of necessary polarities between which our creativity can spark like a dialectic.” The Creation of Patriarchy by Gerda Lerner A study that argues that patriarchy is not part of the natural order. Lerner looks at history, literature, and archaeology, and puts a date on patriarchy’s creation. This Bridge Called My Back, Cherríe Moraga and Gloria E. Anzaldúa, ed. An anthology by women of color, This Bridge Called My Back was an early step in focusing on voices that have been marginalized in the feminist and LGBT movements. How to Suppress Womens Writing by Joanna Russ Russ lays out the subtle and insidious ways in which women’s contributions to literature are discouraged, minimized, or denied. Mankiller: A Chief and Her People by Wilma Mankiller Wilma Mankiller was the first female chief of the Cherokee Nation and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998. Mankiller is her autobiography. Riot Grrrl Manifesto by Kathleen Hanna The Riot Grrrl movement of the ‘90s cleared a larger space for women in the punk world. Its manifesto, by Bikini Kill singer Kathleen Hanna, famously proclaims that it exists because “we are angry at a society that tells us Girl = Dumb, Girl = Bad, Girl = Weak.” 21st Century Full Frontal Feminism by Jessica Valenti Valenti’s guide helped reclaim the word “feminist” and make the movement’s ideals accessible to a new generation. Dudes, Relax: The Rise Of Women Does Not Mean the Fall of Men by Lindy West Former Jezebel staff writer Lindy West’s casual style and brusque assertions may polarize her readers, but they are all, nevertheless, still reading her. *Thanks to Hilary McGraw from the National Women’s History Museum for her inestimable help and delightful conversation. Editors Note: Audre Lordes name was originally misspelled, and has been corrected. ____________________ Want more bookish goodness, news, posts about special book deals, and the occasional puppy reading pic? Follow us on Facebook: Save Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

How Modern Versions Of Medea ( Euripides ) And Antigone (...

Ancient Greek theatre is famed for hosting many playwrights that have stood the test of time, nevertheless concepts and ideologies present in traditional Greek theatre have become outdated. Strict gender roles were ever-present in society and a person was judged in relation to his or her compliance with these standards. Ancient Greek theatre hosts many misogynistic examples of the conformity to the gender roles of the time as well as the consequences of rebelling against the gender protocol. Women were to remain invisible, obedient and subordinate and to rebel against these restrictions would condemn women to be seen as psychotics, liars, and traitors. Even so many female playwrights recreate these plays today in a modern light to†¦show more content†¦However, for a modern day society these plays prove useful to a feminist playwright breaking down Ancient Greek gender barriers as they create a critique of a patriarchal society through influential characters such as Medea an d Antigone. The virtue of a women, Aristotle said is â€Å"obedience and subordination† while that of a man is â€Å"the courage of command† (Politics 1. 1260a 20-32), so what happens when a women tried to rebel against these belief’s? In traditional Greek theatre when a women voiced her beliefs and did not conform to being reduced to silence she ended up being killed. This can be seen through Medea and Antigone as they are women who dared to be heard and this violation of societal expectation was fatal. In the context of when these plays were written the refusal to conform to unjust gender laws was simply unacceptable. Women were seen as inferior; hence the punishment for rebellious actions in Medea and Antigone was appropriate protocol at the time. Modern versions of these plays react to these sexist statements in a way to highlight the misogynistic and patriarchal values that are embedded in western society. In the Abbey Theatre production of Medea directed by Deborah Wa rner, an explicitly feminist standpoint was taken, proving to be successful. Medea played as a modern woman who is troubled with the disloyalty of her husband plots revenge on her unsuspecting husband. John Water, an Irish Times columnist said that this portrayal createdShow MoreRelatedThe Origins of Greek Theatre Essay2307 Words   |  10 Pagesbut soon enough its fields of interest spread to various myths along with historic facts. As ancient drama was an institution of Democracy, the great tragic poets Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides as well as the comedian Aristophanes elevated public debate and political criticism to a level of aesthetic achievement. Euripides and the ethologist Menandros, in the thriving years of Alexandria and later on during the Roman domination, reached a beau ideal level and through the Romans managed to form Western

Violence in Todays Society - 1424 Words

Lisa M. Allen Enc 1101 September 14, 2008 Today’s Violence and Its Many Causes Violence in today’s society is at an all time high. There are many causes for the increase in violence in our society. Violence is defined by (1) criminal law, the illegal use of unjustified force, or the intimidating effect created by the threat of this (2) the use of physical force to injure somebody or damage something (Encarta Dictionary: English – North American Version). Rape, homicide, assault and burglary with a weapon are all forms of malicious legal violence that plague our communities in irrevocable ways. In fact violence in the form of homicide is the second leading cause in youth ages fifteen to twenty-four, third leading cause in ages†¦show more content†¦, PhD, MS, CAP, CAPP, Director of Operations - Sutton Place Behavioral Health. Powerpoint Presentation. Florida Statewide Prevention Conference 2007). Since the 1950s, thousands of studies have been done on the effects of violence in television and movies. The majority of these studies con clude that: children who watch significant amounts of television and movie violence are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior, attitudes and values (Illinois Center for Violence Prevention. Media and The Changing World Report. May 2005. Page 12). Per the Congressional Public Health Summit, 2000, young children 1.) are more easily impressionable 2.) have a harder time distinguishing between fantasy and reality 3.) cannot easily discern motives for violence and 4.) learn by observing and imitating. Finally there are plenty of studies going on right now researching how violent video games can cause people to have more aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; and decrease empathetic, helpful behaviors with peers. With the over stimulation of the brain, it requires children to go above and beyond the last experience in order to feel the same endorphins. With the need to out do the next guy and with the motto â€Å"if it bleeds, it leads†, then what do we expect for the n ext generation of youth to be faced with? In generation Y we are seeing a major increase inShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence And Its Effects On Today s Society2184 Words   |  9 Pages Media violence, in some cases, can be a real issue in today s society. However, we can not blame all of the reality violence on media portrayals. Media violence is just as it sounds, the art of violence through media. The official definition of media violence is visual portrayals of acts of physical aggression by one human or human-like character against another (L. RowellHuesmann). As there are many things that can promote violence in today s world, this could be part of the reason that whatRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects On Today s Society2168 Words   |  9 PagesEssay Two Media violence, in some cases, can be a real issue in today s society. However, we can not blame all of the reality violence on media portrayals. Media Violence is just as it sounds, the art of violence through media. (1)The official definition of media violence is visual portrayals of acts of physical aggression by one human or human-like character against another. As there are many things that can promote violence in the world we live in today, this could be part of the reason thatRead More The Effects Of Violence In Media On Society Today Essay2224 Words   |  9 Pages Is societies violence the media’s fault? This is the question that has been asked since before television was in every American’s house. Of course there are the different types of media today ranging from newspapers, to on-line reports and stories. There have been arguments upon arguments about this issue, and over 3,000 studies conducted. Unfortunately there isn’t one single result, there is only an array of supposed answers to this undying question. CBS president, Howard Stringer is pointingRead MoreThe Effects of Violence in Media on Society Today Essay2286 Words   |  10 PagesIs societies violence the medias fault? This is the question that has been asked since before television was in every Americans house. Of course there are the different types of media today ranging from newspapers, to on-line reports and stories. There have been arguments upon arguments about this issue, and over 3,000 studies conducted. Unfortunately there isnt one single result, there is only an array of supposed answers to this undying question. CBS president, Howard Stringer is pointing toRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Today s Society1518 Words   |  7 Pageslargest role in influencing adolescents in today’s society. According to Marina Krcmar and Kathryn Green, â€Å"Viewing of violent television and interest in television violence has been linked to a host of antisocial behaviors such as increased aggression, decreased s ensitivity to violence and the suffering experienced by the victims of violence, and an increased sense of fear and helplessness† (Krcmar 195). This means that after long-term exposure to violence on television, people essentially become desensitizedRead MoreWhy School Violence Have Such Of An Effect On Our Society Today?1142 Words   |  5 PagesSpeech 131- T/TH 7:30 am Section 33282 Courtney Mathis ID # 2899247 Why does school violence have such of an effect on our society today? School violence is the intentional use of physical force or power, group or community, with the behavior likely to cause physical or psychological harm. Most school violence start from differences between teenagers. Like for instance about some weeks ago this girl named Amy Joyner died over this boy. The girls that jumped her was mad that she was datingRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Major Issue Throughout Today s Society1956 Words   |  8 PagesDomestic violence is a major issue throughout today’s society, and the domestic violence spotlight usually shines in the direction of professional sports. The less than glamorous limelight usually shines upon major sports leagues including the NBA, NHL, (DeGette). NFL, and NASCAR. (Taylor). From all of the recent controversy, one thing is clear; domestic violence cases should be left to U.S. Congress due to the sports leagues’ rule violations against the offenses. The Commissioners of all of theRead MoreDomestic Violence : The Biggest Issue Today s Society With All Ages984 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic Violence is one of the biggest issue in today’s society with all ages. Domestic violence, also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse, battering, family violence, dating abuse, and intimate partner violence (IPV), is a pattern of behavior which involves the abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as marriage, cohabitation, dating or within the family. It is experienced by women and men in heterosexual and same-sex relationships. Domestic violence does not haveRead More Violence in Schools Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pages As teachers, parents, and students prepare and begin this new school year, hopefully fears of school violence such as the bullying, slapping, punching, weapon use, and rape will not be their major concern. To top it all, what is School Violence? As defined in the Oxford Dictionary, School Violence is a subset of students or teachers violence, physical force exerted for the purpose of violating, damaging, or abusing, the act or an instance of violent action or behavior at school, abuse or injuryRead MoreMedia Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Samuel OGarro Media and Society Professor Stephanie Morrow Media portrayal of sex and violence between today and my past. Media is a mode of communication which acts to be a link between the people in today’s society. There were many different issues presented between today and earlier days in the case of media portrayal of sex and violence. Today the media represents the stories of sex and violence in every single newspaper, video, radio and channels as opposed to the past, the media

Human Motivation the Influential Drive Behind Human Altruism Free Essays

Human motivation the influential drive behind human altruism At the forefront of social psychology the issue of what motivates one to act in a prosocial manner has arisen with a vast array of theory and response. The heart of the topic lies in the ambiguity as to whether one acts altruistically as a result of an innate response of empathy and compassion, or merely due to self interest. By definition altruism refers to, â€Å"behaviour that helps people with no apparent gain or with potential cost to one’s self†, (Western 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Human Motivation the Influential Drive Behind Human Altruism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet, this concept in itself is not unproblematic in that undoubtedly displays of altruism exist, but may not ultimately be driven by selflessness. Motivation is indisputably the integral drive behind human behaviour, and is the most crucial factor influencing human altruism. Reciprocal altruism; simply the idea that we offer assistance and expect it returned, is undeniably practiced with the motivation of one’s personal wellbeing in mind. Similarly, the concept of motivation also provides a logical understanding of kin selection whereby we are inclined to help our genetic related, as aiding one’s family will ultimate better one’s self. A cost rewards analysis, as well as social exclusion can also be depicted as highly motivated by a person’s needs and survival; and therefore can once more be deemed selfish. Thus, by grasping a concrete understanding of one’s ultimate purpose in a given situation, the question as whether we are driven by a natural selfless capacity or with intention of maximizing personal gain can be ascertained. Unquestionably, acts of genuine and authentic altruism exist, however in situations that help is required, consciously or subconsciously the helper is more likely to personally benefit from their action, than not. A motive refers to the goal or object of a person’s action. Human nature is inherently selfish, therefore when deciding whether to engage in a prosocial act; an individual’s primary concern is oneself. This is not always conscious to the individual, yet whether it is a simple question of the motives for an occupation, or concern for the environment; it is linked to maximizing personally or for society as a whole. Krous (2005), conducted research in order to determine what would motivate people in help related fields such as psychology, education and nursing to work with underserved populations; which consist of groups such as ethnic minorities, the mentally ill, the homeless and elderly. The research was conducted using 135 students from Midwestern University majoring in help related fields. Whilst factors such as work autonomy, troubled past experiences or a parent in a helping profession did inspire some to work with such groups, economic reward and prosperity as well as diverse training proved to be vital to a vast majority. Another way in which we can relate people’s motivations with the concern for themselves is through their view on the environment. This was put to the test through a study by Berenguer (2007) whereby participants were presented with illustrations of eight large trees being cut down and a dead bird on the beach covered in oil. The findings concluded that participants conveyed empathy and were dismayed by the devastating state of the environment. One needs to pose the question; what motivates one to act altruistically toward the environment? The simple fact that they are ultimately a part of the environment that they endeavor to save, and thus prevent the personal and societal hardship that would follow its total destruction. The concept that an individual’s sense of belonging in a group impacts upon their willingness to behave in a socially caring manner, once more brings the notion of selfishness to the fore. People are encouraged by their culture and society to take part in prosocial behavior. While engaging in a prosocial act often entails risk and cost to oneself, in the big picture, belonging to a group provides vast benefits. The concept that one’s belongingness will ultimately impact upon a person’s willingness to engage in a prosocial act is questioned in a number of research experiments conducted by Twenge (2007). Experiment One – donating money; had 34 participants take a personality test. Responders were randomly allocated a personality summary of either ‘future alone’, ‘future belonging’, or ‘misfortune control condition. ’ Each participant received $2 for taking part and were informed that there was a collection for the Student Emergency fund. The results had only 37% of the ‘future alone’ donate to the fund contrasting with 100% of the participants in the other groups. Thus, social exclusion lead to a significant decrease in helping behaviour. This suggests that one’s emotional state will pertain to their ability to offer empathetic understanding and an inclination to help others, as Twenge states, â€Å"Social exclusion apparently renders the prosocial behaviour tool temporarily useless. † Therefore, when an individual is emotionally vulnerable and lacking self-esteem they lose their ability to care for the wellbeing of others. Once more the proving human beings as self-interested creatures who are only willing to help when they feel they have been helped or that their society accepts them. Evolutionary theories pertaining to altruism have played a nodal role in understanding human motivations, and moreover through the kin selection theory and the concept of reciprocal altruism emphases once again that we are compelled by rational self-interest, to always put ourselves first. Kin selection focuses on actions of people who are genetically related as stated by Neyer (2003), â€Å"blood is thicker than water, implying that kin are generally favored over non-kin. The motive behind a parent, whether human or animal in protecting their off springs is in their attempt to protect and ensure the next generation. The protection of our genetic code is explored by Maynard Smith (1964), which explains that we are more than likely to help direct family over our more distant family and our more distant family over non-ki n. This idea is heightened in a study conducted by Burnstein (1994) which found that life or death helping was significantly more likely to be offered with close genetic relatedness. The notion of looking after one’s genetic coding for future generations, through the idea of kin selection once more exemplifies the way in which we are hard-wired to act in a socially caring manner to maximize person gain. â€Å"Reciprocal Altruism†, refers to the way in which humans help another person, thus building a relationship where help is expected to be returned at a later date. It is an evolutionary process that clarifies prosocial acts that occur among the non-related. A basic example of such an exchange is acknowledged by Fitness (2007), whereby two fishermen in a village agree to share what they catch for the day with one another. Therefore if one fisherman does not catch any fish they are reassured that they will not go hungry. Such an example supports the theory that engaging in reciprocal altruism increases the chances of survival over individuals who act selfishly, as long as both parties involved reciprocate. Our willingness to help is determined by the likelihood that the help will be returned, therefore in a situation where a stranger requires help it is unlikely that an act will be reciprocated and therefore we feel less inclined to help. In order for the survival of reciprocal altruism, Dovidio (2006) explains that there must be a willingness to chastise those who do cheat and find ways of gratifying individuals that voluntarily refrain from cheating. Reciprocal altruism can be considered a two way street, a relationship in which both parties will profit; and therefore is a response visibly motivated to maximize personal gain. The cost and benefits of engaging in a prosocial act ultimately determines ones willingness to involve themselves, hence supporting the concept that we are hard-wire for personal gain. From this view, humans are rational and chiefly concerned with their own self-interest and agenda. Dovidio (2006) explains the notion of a cost reward analysis, whereby in a potential helping situation the individual weighs the possible costs and benefits in order to reach the most desired outcome. An important aspect of grasping the parameters of prosocial behavior consists of learning when people will help. Dovidio (2006) references the assault of Kitty Genovese, whereby arriving home late from work she was brutally attacked outside her apartment building. This horrific event took place over 45 minutes whereby the attacker returned three times, finally stabbing her to death; with a shocking 38 onlookers that did nothing to help. This incident confirms the view that we are predominantly concerned with our own survival and self-interest as the potential helpers perceived the dangers to dominate over the benefits. Contrastingly, Dovidio (2006) cites the case of Reginald Denny, who was brutally beaten during the civil disturbance in Los Angeles in 1992. Four African Americans were watching nearby on live television and rushed to the scene fending off his attackers and transporting him to hospital, consequently saving his life. Whilst the four helpers were deemed heroes and rewarded with internal benefits of self satisfaction and fulfillment of one’s duty, it challenges the idea that we are hard-wired for personal gain as this act is undeniably a genuine expression of altruism. continuum There is a vast array of motivators that explain why humans engage in altruistic behaviour, a large majority pertaining to the desire to maximize personal gain. Such motivations are reinforced by the evolutionary theories on kin selection and reciprocal altruism; as well as one’s emotional state and the concept of a cost and reward analysis. This is not to say expressions of genuine altruism do not exist, as we have clearly established they do; they are simply few and far between. It is evident that humans have the capacity both to be incredibly selfish and heroically altruistic it would seem that tragically selfishness is hard-wired into us where we are motivated with one leading concern, ourselves. References * John F. Dovidio, Jane Allyn Piliavin, David A. Schroeder, Louis A. Penner. (2006) Social Psychology of Prosocial Behaviour. [Book] Chapter 3 – The Context: When will people help? Chapter 4 – Why do people help? * Krous, Tangala M. D. ; Nauta, Margaret M. (2005) Values, Motivations, and Learning Experiences of Future Professionals: Who Wants to Serve Underserved Populations? [Education and Training in Professional Psychology. ] Volume 36(6), pg 688-694 * Twenge, Jean (M). ; Baumeister, Roy (F); DeWall,(C). Nathan; Ciarocco, Natalie (J); Bartels, (J). Michael. (2007). Journal or Personality and Social Psychology. Social exclusion decrease Prosocial behaviour. Volume 92 (1) p56-66 * Berenguer, J. (2007). The Effect of Empathy in Proenvironmental Attitudes. Environment and Behaviour, 39; 269 * Westen, D. (2006). Psychology 4th edition. John Wiley and Sons, Hobeoken. United States of America * Neyer, Franz J. ; Lang, Frieder R. (2003). Blood is thicker than water. Kinship Orientation among adults. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol – 84. Pg 310-321 * Fitness (2007). Lecture – Altruism and Prosocial Behaviour How to cite Human Motivation the Influential Drive Behind Human Altruism, Papers

Effects of Climate Change on Developing Countries free essay sample

Some developed countries signed the Kyoto Protocol and reduced their gas emissions. Canada with the CCCDF (Canada Climate Change Development Fund), is helping South America to solve the problem. Some large counties like USA, the main pollutant is not helping as much as developing countries need them. First, the Kyoto Protocol started in December of 1997 when more than 160 countries signed it to solve the problems caused by the climate change. This could be done by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions and promote better ways of producing and using the energy. In 2002, Canada signed the protocol, which came into force on February 16, 2005, when ratified by the 55 countries that produce 55 percent of the developed worlds carbon dioxide emissions . U. S. A and Canada have the highest greenhouse gas emissions. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Climate Change on Developing Countries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of course U. S. A have the higher emissions. The objective of this agreement is to stabilize the greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that it would not interfere with the climate system and also to protect developing countries from the problems caused by the climate changes, or greenhouse gas emissions. Some developing countries like China joined the Protocol to help the world and their selves. It is an excellent idea that developing countries join the Protocol because that way they are helping themselves and the others. Developing countries are suffering problems sea level rise and extreme weather changes. Concerning the Canada Climate Change Development Fund (CCCDF), a Canadian organization that helps developing countries to solve the problems cause by climate changes. It started in 2000 as a part of the government. The main objectives were contributing to Canada’s climate change and promoting activities in developing countries that solve the causes and effects of the climate change. At the same time helping to poverty reduction and the development of the country. The CCCDF wants to help developing countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to their development by transferring technology. This not only helps to reduce the GHG emissions and reduce the global climate change, but it also brings Canada environmental help, like cleaner air. It also creates opportunities to invest on new technologies. The government of Canada is investing $1. 1 billion to address climate change over the next five years . The CCCDF established the following expected results: -Reduce the Greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries. -Increase the use of Carbon in forests, wetlands, etc. for the good. -Reduce vulnerability of developing countries to effects of climate change. -Increase capacity of developing countries to participate in global efforts to solve climate change. Unfortunately, countries like the United States of America; the higher greenhouse emission country did not sign the Protocol. They said that the U. S. A does not agree with the protocol because it may affect to their economy and that they do not agree with some details. The US alone accounted for 36. 1% of worldwide greenhouse emissions in 1990. It is very important that countries like this sign the agreement and help because they are the countries with the more industry and they have the higher gas emissions level. Developing countries do not have the technology or environmental industry to address the issue. And countries like USA are needed to take responsibility so it can be done. The Australian government along with the U. S government agreed to sign their own contract called the Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate. This was created on July 2005. Developed countries have started to address the climate changes issue on developing countries by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping developing countries to reduce gas emissions and make good use of other materials. Unfortunately climate changes are still causing great damage around the world, so we should not wait until people from another country tells us what to do. If we start one by one making only a very small effort that could be not polluting by not using cars too much, we could start changing the world. The problem is not only caused by the big developed countries, it is caused by every single person in the world and it has to be solved by everyone.

A VINDICATED SLAYER essays

A VINDICATED SLAYER essays A VINDICATED SLAYER: A CLOSER LOOK AT GEORGE ORWELLS SHOOTING AN ELEPHANT The impact of removing an animal from its natural habitat by destruction seems demoralizing to some people. Nevertheless there are times when this course of action is required due to aggressive behavior from the animal. In George Orwells story Shooting an Elephant, he was assigned as a police officer in a small Burmese village in 1950. He had been called upon to take action against a belligerent elephant, whose uncontrollable rage also led to an excruciating and painful death of a defenseless villager. The protagonist was justified in his position in destroying the elephant based upon these facts. In order to validate that Orwells action were legal and justified one must first understand the responsibilities of a police officer, the uncontrolled state of the elephant, and the impact the elephants death had on the villagers. Officers of the law are not above scrutiny in their job, but duty is above conscience. It is the responsibility of a law enforcement officer to uphold the law, regardless of how insignificant or inhumane an incident might appear. It is not the local citizens who decide what is right and wrong, but rather the laws that are in place to not only protect its citizens, but to provide the governing forces a baseline of guidance. The moral obligation of an officer of the law is to uphold these laws. In the following passages, Orwell explains that his actions were legal. The look on the face of the mauled villager looked like ... and expression of unendurable agony (Orwell 6). It was evident that mauled villager had suffered a horrific death. The death of any human being is punishable under applicable laws of the country where they take place. It does not matter whether the taking of a human life was committed by an animal or another human being. It was apparent that the villagers ...

Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee Celebrations

Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee Celebrations Queen Victoria reigned for 63 years and was honored by two great public commemorations of her longevity as ruler of the British Empire. Her Golden Jubilee, to mark the 50th anniversary of her reign, was observed in June 1887. European heads of state, as well as delegations of officials from throughout the empire, attended lavish events in Britain. The Golden Jubilee festivities were widely seen not only as a celebration of Queen Victoria but as an affirmation of Britains place as a global power. Soldiers from throughout the British Empire marched in processions in London. And in the distant outposts of the empire celebrations were also held. Not everyone was inclined to celebrate the longevity of Queen Victoria or the supremacy of Britain. In Ireland, there were public expressions of protest against British rule. And Irish Americans held their own public gatherings to denounce British oppression in their homeland. Ten years later, Victorias Diamond Jubilee celebrations were held to mark Victorias 60th anniversary on the throne. The 1897 events were distinctive as they seemed to mark the end of an era, as they were the last great assemblage of European royalty. Preparations for Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee As the 50th anniversary of Queen Victorias reign approached, the British government felt that a monumental celebration was in order. She had become queen in 1837, at the age of 18, when the monarchy itself had seemed to be coming to an end. She had successfully restored the monarchy to where it occupied a preeminent place in British society. And by any accounting, her reign had been successful. Britain, by the 1880s, stood astride much of the world. And despite small-scale conflicts in Afghanistan and Africa, Britain had essentially been at peace since the Crimean War three decades earlier. There was also a feeling that Victoria deserved a great celebration as she had never celebrated her 25th anniversary on the throne. Her husband, Prince Albert, had died young, in December 1861. And the celebrations which likely would have occurred in 1862, which would have been her Silver Jubilee, were simply out of the question. Indeed, Victoria became fairly reclusive after Alberts death, and when she did appear in public, she would be dressed in widows black. In early 1887 the British government began making preparations for the Golden Jubilee. Many Events Preceded Jubilee Day in 1887 The date of large public events was to be June 21, 1887, which would be the first day of the 51st year of her reign. But a number of associated events began in early May. Delegates from British colonies, including Canada and Australia, gathered and met with Queen Victoria on May 5, 1887, at Windsor Castle. For the next six weeks, the queen participated in a number of public events, including helping to lay the cornerstone for a new hospital. At one point in early May, she expressed curiosity about an American show then touring England, Buffalo Bills Wild West Show. She attended a performance, enjoyed it, and later met cast members. The queen traveled to one of her favorite residences, Balmoral Castle in Scotland, to celebrate her birthday on May 24, but planned to return for London for the major events which would take place close to the anniversary of her accession, June 20. The Golden Jubilee Celebrations The actual anniversary of Victorias accession to the throne, June 20, 1887, began with a private commemoration. Queen Victoria, with her family, had breakfast at Frogmore, near the mausoleum of Prince Albert. She returned to Buckingham Palace, where an enormous banquet was held. Members of various European royal families attended, as did diplomatic representatives. The following day, June 21, 1887, was marked with lavish public spectacle. The queen traveled by a procession through the streets of London to Westminster Abbey. According to a book published the following year, the queens carriage was accompanied by a bodyguard of seventeen princes in military uniform, superbly mounted and wearing their jewels and orders. The princes were from Russia, Britain, Prussia, and other European nations. The role of India in the British Empire was emphasized by having a troop of Indian cavalry in the procession close to the queens carriage. Ancient Westminster Abbey had been prepared, as galleries of seats had been built to accommodate 10,000 invited guests. The service of thanksgiving was marked by prayers and music performed by the abbeys choir. That night, illuminations lit the skies of England. According to one account, On rugged cliffs and beacon hills, on mountain peaks and lofty heaths and commons, great bonfires blazed. The next day a celebration for 27,000 children was held in Londons Hyde Park. Queen Victoria paid a visit to the Childrens Jubilee. All the children attending were given a Jubilee Mug designed by the Doulton company. Some Protested the Celebrations of Queen Victorias Reign Not everyone was favorably impressed by the lavish celebrations honoring Queen Victoria. The New York Times reported that a large gathering of Irish men and women in Boston had protested the plan to hold a celebration of Queen Victorias Golden Jubilee at Faneuil Hall. The celebration at Faneuil Hall in Boston was held on June 21, 1887, despite pleas to the city government to block it. And celebrations were also held in New York City and other American cities and towns. In New York, the Irish community held its own large meeting at Cooper Institute on June 21, 1887. A detailed account in the New York Times was headlined: Irelands Sad Jubilee: Celebrating in Mourning and Bitter Memories. The New York Times story described how the capacity crowd of 2,500, in a hall decorated with black crepe, listened attentively to speeches denouncing British rule in Ireland and the actions of the British government during the Great Famine of the 1840s. Queen Victoria was criticized by one speaker as Irelands tyrant.

Research Strategy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Research Strategy Paper - Essay Example This would mean that I remain glued to the tasks and actions, and thus devise ways and means through which I remain committed to the cause of managing my time domains. I can learn to manage time well on my hands because this is something that can be acquired through proper research and understanding. If I make an effort to follow the small tasks in small time zones, I believe I can take a giant leap forward. This will be a positive change that will bring in success as I have envisaged for myself in the past and even in the present times. Also I need to determine the extent to which I am ready to adhere to a strict timeline for my own self, as this would require strict vigilance and control, and ask of me to give my very best when it comes to the completion of tasks and adherence to the time zones that I have thus created. It should be noted here that the information for time management can be gathered through Internet and library as well. I can seek the same through different websites and by visiting libraries and accessing books, journals and magazines. I can find out a whole deal of information by visiting these places which are a source of abundant information and detail which is relevant to the domains of time management in essence. I will analyze the validity of my claims as to whether or not I will be doing what I have thought about and how closely I will be following the principle of adhering to the timelines for my own self. This is a very important premise and my perspectives should be very clear because I need to achieve a lot in a short period of time. This is something that comes in an automated fashion but in the beginning shall pose as a point of deterrence because I have to learn how to manage time before actually doing this all on my own. I have been known to collect good information and research on a number of different subjects and topics and hence the reason that I believe success will dawn upon me as I

The Interests of the Educated Individual, the Employer, and the Assignment

The Interests of the Educated Individual, the Employer, and the Economy - Assignment Example In terms of the volume of employment, education and health are the two prime sectors in Australia. The Australian government spends a huge amount of its national income every year for supporting and promoting the educational institutions of the country. In the line of public policy, education is always given priority because in one hand development of education system plays a modern role for sophisticating the society while on the other hand an improved educational system is expected to absorb the unemployment by providing educated, thoughtful, intellectual and innovative human resources. For example, the mean of ‘Smart State’ vision of the government of Queensland was to develop technology-based industries and build up the skillful and flexible working people. In this policy, the Queensland government for the growth and development of the state in future has promoted innovative ideas in the field of scientific research and information and communication technologies. (Le nore Adie, 2008, pp 252-255). Besides the government of Queensland on the issues of social justice, has developed the reform strategy QSE 2010. This strategy was developed responding ‘the major challenges for education posed by the global knowledge economy in ‘new times’, characterized in particular by the global information networked society and increased inequalities and new forms of exclusion’. (Taylor and Singh, 2005, p 727). However, though the demand for education has risen tremendously in the recent past in Australia, the allocation of resources to education relative to the country’s GDP has not risen accordingly. In Australia, there have been seen changing and volatile policies towards the education. People in Australia are very much aware of what a good and proper educational system should be and regarding this, there are common as well as conflict views among the residents of Australia.  

The Principle Of Duality States Computer Science Essay

The Principle Of Duality States Computer Science Essay To simplify a SOP for a Boolean expression using a K map, first identify all the input combinations that produce an output of logic level 1 and place them in their appropriate K map cell. Consequently, all other cells must contain zero (0). Second, group the adjacent cells that contain 1 in a manner that maximizes the size of the groups but also minimizes the total number of groups. All 1s in the output must be included in a group even if the group is only one cell. Third, as each SOP term represents an AND expression, each (AND) grouping is written with only the input variables that are common to the group. Finally, the simplified expression is formed by ORing each of the (AND) groups. To illustrate let us consider the function X =ABC+ABC+ABC whose truth table and K map are illustrated below: Truth table specifications for a logic function may not to include all possible combinations of the input binary digits for the input variables, yet they may still be complete specifications of the logic function for the prescribed application. In these situations certain input combinations will not occur due to the nature of the application. When the input combinations are irrelevant or cannot occur, the output states are in the Truth table and the K map are filled with an X and are referred to as dont care states. When simplifying K maps with dont care states, the contents of the undefined cells (1 or 0) are chosen according to preference. The aim is to enlarge group sizes thereby eliminating as many input variables from the simplified expression as possible. Only those Xs that assist in simplifying the function should be included in the groupings. No additional Xs should be added that would result in additional terms in the expression. THE TABULATION METHOD The K-map method is convenient as long as the number of variables does not exceed five or six, but when the number increases it becomes difficult to use this method. The tabulation method overcomes this difficulty, besides it is suitable for computer mechanisation. It was first formulated by Quine and later improved by McCluskey. It is also known as the Quine-McCluskey method. The tabular method of simplification consits of two parts: Determination of Prime Implicants. Selection of Essential Prime Implicants. The first part is covered in the software provided, the second part is not. Each minterm and its combined cells are included in the Minterm record, and linked lists techniques are used. Linked lists are the best way to manage unknown amount of data at run time instead of using a large array which is a waste of memory. The record used is: Pminterm = ^Minterm; Minterm = Record Number : Word; {This is to hold the decimal equivalent of the minterm} NumberOfOnes : Byte; {This is to hold the no. of 1s in the field Number} Selected : Boolean; {used as a tick when this term is selected} CellStr : String; { a string to hold all minterms that form a cell with this term } DashPlaceStr : String {a string to hold the place of the dash } Next : Pminterm { a pointer to the next record to form a linked list} End; The software procedure summarise as follows: The user enters the minterms in decimal equivalent. The program sorts minterms in the number of ones included in the binary equivalent (SortMinTerms). Any two minterms that differ from each other by only one variable are combined (done in FirstTabulation procedure), two minterms fit into this category if the number in the lower group is greater than that in the upper one, and the two numbers differ by a power of 2 e.g. ( 2d = 0010b and 10d = 1010b the difference is 8d which is a power of 2). Then the two numbers are copied to the second linked list ( First, Second, Vertex : Pminterm;). This procedure is carried for all the minterms. Matching groups are copied to second linked list while first one deleted. Then a second tabulation is carried in the SecondTabulation procedure, here each cell contained in the CellStr field of the Minterm record are compared together, a matching is found if the numbers in one cell are greater than the other one and they differs by a power of 2 e.g. (0,2 and 8,10 differs by 8 which is a power of two) . This procedure is carried for all the records in the second linked list and matching cells are copied to the first linked list, and any incomparable cells are copied to the Vertex linked list. Then the second linked list is deleted. The step 4 is repeated m 1 time where m is the number of inputs, transferring cells between first and second linked lists. The last linked list and the vertex linked list prime implicants are printed in the ABC equivalent using the WMterm procedure. My program architecture can be used to simplify any number of inputs, but practical limitations are in the Number field in the Minterm record which is a word i.e. 16 bits (16 inputs). Bearing in mind as well the simplified expression is contained in a string which is only 255 characters. Some inputs and corresponding outputs to try on the program: Boolean Expression Simplified Boolean Expression F(A,B,C) = S(0,6,7) ABC + AB F(A,B,C) = S(0,4,6,7) BC + AB + AC F(A,B,C,D,E,F) = S(4,5,6,7,36,37,38,39) BCD F(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H) = S(16,17 up to 31,144,145 up to 159) BCD VARIABLE ENTERED METHOD (VEM) The conventional logic minimization is time consuming easy only for 4-5 variables. It becomes difficult to solve using conventional K-map method when number of variables goes on increasing. In that case Variable Entered Method will be good idea to use. It represents values of functions in terms of its variables called map entered variables. A new method for obtaining a compact subsumptive general solution of a system of Boolean equations is presented. The method relies on the use of the variable-entered Karnaugh map (VEKM) to achieve successive elimination through successive map folding. It is superior in efficiency and simplicity to methods employing Marquand diagrams or Conventional Karnaugh maps; it requires the construction of significantly smaller maps and produces such maps in a minimization-ready form. Moreover, the method is applicable to general Boolean equations and is not restricted to the two-valued case. Combinational Sequential Circuits Combinational logic circuits implement Boolean functions. Boolean functions are mappings of input bitstrings to output bitstrings. These circuits are functions of input only. What does that mean? It means that if you feed in an input to a circuit, say, 000, then look at its output, and discover it is, say, 10, then the output will always be 10 for that circuit, if 000 is the input. 000 is mapped to 10. If that value were not the same every single time, then the output must not completely depend on 000. Something else must be affecting the output. Combinational logic circuits always depend on input. Another way to define something that is a function of input is to imagine that you are only allowed to use input variables xk-1,,x0, i.e. data inputs, cm-1,,c0, i.e., control inputs, to write the function. This function can not depend on global variables or other variables. Like combinational logic circuits, a sequential logic circuit has inputs (labelled with x with subscripts) and outputs (labelled with z with subscripts). Unike combinational logic circuits, a sequential logic circuit uses a clock. Also, there is a box inside the circuit called State. This box contains flip flops. Assume it has k flip flops. The flip flops basically store a k-bit number representing the current state. The output z is computed based on the inputs (x with subscripts) and the state coming out of the state box (q with subscripts). The state may be updated at each positive clock edge. When theres not a positive clock edge, the state remains unchanged. The information needed to update to the state (called the next state) comes from the current state (the current value of q) and the input, which is fed through combinational logic, and fed back into the state box, telling the state box how to update itself. A sequential circuit uses flip flops. Unlike combinational logic, sequential circuits have state, which means basically, sequential circuits have memory. The main difference between sequential circuits and combinational circuits is that sequential circuits compute their output based on input and state, and that the state is updated based on a clock. Combinational logic circuits implement Boolean functions, so they are functions only of their inputs, and are not based on clocks. The S-R Latch A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the prefix bi in its name. Typically, one state is referred to as set and the other as reset. The simplest bistable device, therefore, is known as a set-reset, or S-R, latch. To create an S-R latch, we can wire two NOR gates in such a way that the output of one feeds back to the input of another, and vice versa, like this: http://sub.allaboutcircuits.com/images/04173.png The Q and not-Q outputs are supposed to be in opposite states. I say supposed to because making both the S and R inputs equal to 1 results in both Q and not-Q being 0. For this reason, having both S and R equal to 1 is called an invalid or illegal state for the S-R multivibrator. Otherwise, making S=1 and R=0 sets the multivibrator so that Q=1 and not-Q=0. Conversely, making R=1 and S=0 resets the multivibrator in the opposite state. When S and R are both equal to 0, the multivibrators outputs latch in their prior states. The Clocked D-Latch Since the enable input on a gated S-R latch provides a way to latch the Q and not-Q outputs without regard to the status of S or R, we can eliminate one of those inputs to create a multivibrator latch circuit with no illegal input states. Such a circuit is called a D latch, and its internal logic looks like this: http://sub.allaboutcircuits.com/images/04181.png Note that the R input has been replaced with the complement (inversion) of the old S input, and the S input has been renamed to D. As with the gated S-R latch, the D latch will not respond to a signal input if the enable input is 0 it simply stays latched in its last state. When the enable input is 1, however, the Q output follows the D input. Since the R input of the S-R circuitry has been done away with, this latch has no invalid or illegal state. Q and not-Q are always opposite of one another. Master-Slave Flip-Flops A master-slave flip-flop is constructed from two seperate flip-flops. One circuit serves as a master and the other as a slave. The logic diagram of an SR flip-flop is shown in figure below. The master flip-flop is enabled on the positive edge of the clock pulse CP and the slave flip-flop is disabled by the inverter. The information at the external R and S inputs is transmitted to the master flip-flop. When the pulse returns to 0, the master flip-flop is disabled and the slave flip-flop is enabled. The slave flip-flop then goes to the same state as the master flip-flop. http://wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig9.gif Logic diagram of a master-slave flip-flop The timing relationship is shown in Figure below and is assumed that the flip-flop is in the clear state prior to the occurrence of the clock pulse. The output state of the master-slave flip-flop occurs on the negative transition of the clock pulse. Some master-slave flip-flops change output state on the positive transition of the clock pulse by having an additional inverter between the CP terminal and the input of the master. http://wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig10.gif Timing relationship in a master slave flip-flop Edge Triggered Devices Another type of flip-flop that synchronizes the state changes during a clock pulse transition is the edge-triggered flip-flop. When the clock pulse input exceeds a specific threshold level, the inputs are locked out and the flip-flop is not affected by further changes in the inputs until the clock pulse returns to 0 and another pulse occurs. Some edge-triggered flip-flops cause a transition on the positive edge of the clock pulse (positive-edge-triggered), and others on the negative edge of the pulse (negative-edge-triggered). The logic diagram of a D-type positive-edge-triggered flip-flop is shown in figure below: http://wearcam.org/ece385/lectureflipflops/flipflops/fig11.gif D-type positive-edge triggered flip-flop When using different types of flip-flops in the same circuit, one must ensure that all flip-flop outputs make their transitions at the same time, ie., during either the negative edge or the positive edge of the clock pulse.

Progressive Movement Essay

The period from 1890 to 1917 in the history of United States is known as Progressive era. This period is marked by an all-encompassing and intensive change in all spheres of American life viz. political, economic and social. According to Nevin and Commager, this period was â€Å"marked by revolt and reform in almost every department of American life. Old political leaders were ousted and new one enlisted; political machinery was overhauled and modernized; political practices were subject to critical scrutiny and those which failed to square with the ideals of democracy were rejected.† (p. 382) These leaders from middle class pleaded for government regulation of big businesses to prevent exploitations pf the weaker sections. Stressing on the needs for reforms, Theodore Roosevelt said, â€Å"†No hard-and-fast rule can be laid down as to the way in which such work [reform] must be done; but most certainly every man, whatever his position, should strive to do it in some way and to some degree.† (Roosevelt) Most of the problems that Progressives wanted to tackle was an outcome of the industrial expansion and the political-industrial coalitions of the Gilded Age. During the Progressive almost every department of American life was overhauled and modernized. Thus Progressivism was a movement with â€Å"predominantly middle class objectives and viewpoint, deriving much of its support from small businessmen, farmers and professional people.† ( Parkes, p.544) At the federal level, the Progressive movement set in with the inauguration of the President Roosevelt curtailed the powers of the large organizations was epitomized through the suite against The Northern Securities Company in 1903. He introduced other legislative measures to breakdown the monopoly of the large corporations. Trust-Busting was the first radical step taken by Roosevelt that was aimed at the breaking of monopolies in any form and its abuses. Second major proponent of Progressivism at the Federal level was President William Howard Taft (1909-1913) who accomplished more progressive legislation than the Roosevelt. He introduced and enacted law to check corrupt practices during the elections. He dissolved ninety trusts under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (these trusts were saving huge taxes in the name of charity and were involved in certain illegal activities). He strengthened the cause of democracy when he propagated the idea of direct elections for the senators and introduced 17th amendments in the U.S. constitution. Woodrow is the next in the row for progressive presidents. He introduced far-reaching economic reforms and adopted a number other progressive measure to capacitate the entire American spirit with purpose. Hs foremost priority was the revision of tariff and introduction of viable reforms. Secondly, he introduced another Act to reconstruct the monetary and banking sector. Although his program of more progressive reforms were cut short but the outbreak or WW II but two more constitutional amendment (18th and 19th) became effective in his presidency.[1] Progressives could not bring about the revolutionary transformation of the political and economic system. The evident disappointment of the Progressive movement was its disinclination to deal with racial discrimination. Although it had a national agenda but it was meant for Whites only. The Afro-American suffered from the victimization at the social and state level through disfranchisement, Jim Crow laws, and poverty.   Additionally, it failed to address the questions of class conflict and ended in despair for small owners and businessmen. Yet it cannot be denied that through their reforms they tried to revitalize democracy and made the rulers responsible and accountable to the public. â€Å"Perhaps the best known results of this era are the 18th and 19th Amendments, Prohibition and woman suffrage respectively. But this legislation really came at the tail end of the period that has come to be known as the â€Å"Age of Reform.† The amendments were actually the byproducts of an immense social and political upheaval which changed forever the expectations of the role government would play in American society.† (PBS) References Nevins, Allan& Commager, Henry S. 1966. A short history of the United States. New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   York: A. Knopf. Parkes, Henry B. 1959. The United States of America—A History. New York: Knopf. PBS. The Progressive Era 1900-1918. On-line. Available from Internet, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eleanor/peopleevents/pande08.html, accessed 23 March   2008. [1] 18th Amendment of U.S. Constitution the process of introduction of Prohibition was completed whereas 19th Amendments granted the right of vote to the women on equal terms with men.

The Ultimate Guide to Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics

The Ultimate Guide to Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics The Start of Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics There's an endless number of different essay topics that may be analyzed. Apparently, writing an essay on the subject of marijuana is too general. Be mindful of the size it must be and get started writing the narrative essay outline. So as to write a decent rhetorical analysis essay, however, you have to first pick a great topic. Analysis essays are known to be among the hardest to write. An analysis essay is a type of persuasive essay. At times it is often quite difficult to consider analysis essay topics, let alone compose the essay. It can be challenging to work out what is going to make a great topic for a rhetorical analysis essay. The Start of Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics Therefore, process analyses can be quite detailed and at times quite long. Once you choose the procedure you wish to concentrate on, you then need to earn a list of steps needed to attain the aims of the activity. In case you haven't already mastered the process, it is going to be really hard to learn and compose all at one time. The process essays are generally written for companies or people who need tutorials. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics Quality over quantity goes a very long way here. Don't be afraid to find some additional aid to create your paper stick out! It is wise to look for the one which has a great reputation and offers high-quality papers at very affordable prices. The absolute most important guarantee we offer is that in the event that you are dissatisfied with your completed order, and in the event that you can show us where it does not fulfill the requirements which you stated clearly when you placed the order, we'll redo the paper at no cost. The Downside Risk of Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics The conclusion needs to be strong and clear. Write in such a fashion, that you are going to be interested to read it. It's possible to insert thesis statement at any portion of the introduction if you truly feel confident about it. To end the full essay, it's crucial to make an overall concluding statement. Be certain the body of the text contributes to the conclusion logically. You have to reveal the end result of the author's speech and its impact. The data set used to finish the analysis is dependent upon the question the analysis is trying to reply. When you have taken an issue apart, you must describe its components, explain how they're interrelated, and produce your own conclusions. The Upside to Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics In case the essay isn't preassigned to you by your instructor, it is wise to write about a topic in a topic of your interest. When selecting a topic for an important essay make sure you take a topic you'll be able to manage. To begin writing your assignment you would want to encounter an interesting and promising topic. A superb collection historical analysis essay topic which will be suitable to anybody is difficult to find, because everyone has their own preferences. Together with the topics, you'd come across loads of papers at no cost. There are lots of topics to choose at and dissect. Flip through of any parenting magazine and you're going to be astonished at the quantity of knowledge you will receive. You're able to even locate a funny method to teach your readers how to modify their settings. Therefore, it's ok to receive a bit personal here and convey your viewpoint. Everyone needs to discover how to modify a Facebook setting at some time in their lives. In an exact way that you will only have to establish whether the thing you're speaking about is serving the goal. The Benefits of Advertisement Analysis Essay Topics It is possible to discover lots of them to select from, therefore it's recommended to produce your final decision based on your likes and assignment specifics. The writer ought to be very keen to prevent confusion. He should avoid any unnecessary information such as the background, history or origin. If you are abl e to analyze any book for your rhetorical assignment, choose the work you recognize well. You might have to be somewhat careful. One of the most typical forms of analysis that college and higher school students perform. It's possible to also talk about the issues that arrive with having a football program. There are several methods in which you are able to write a rhetorical paper. It's possible for you to create a process analysis essay on the best way to make the ideal potatoes pie. It is an impossible task to produce a good, impressive introduction before you know the remainder of the paper's content. There are special words and word combination utilized for analytical purposes which ought to be learned also. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Therefore, an analytical essay is a bit of writing that offers an informative observation about the particular topic or idea. What's more, the author should vary their usage of transitional words such as after, then, next in order to make certain that the essay doesn't become repetitive. The conclusion plays a crucial role in the feeling it ties up the whole essay.

The Problem Of Teen Drinking - 1450 Words

Every 51 minutes in America, someone is killed in a drunk driving crash. A dangerous issue facing society today is the problem of teen drinking and driving. Currently an approximate of 10,076 people die in drunk driving crashes per year. If positive progress to ceasing this act does not happen, teens will continue to drink and drive putting everybody on the road at risk. Teens who drink and drive put everyone on the road at risk, causing serious crashes that could be preventable. Background of the Problem A major factor contributing to alcohol-related car accidents is binge drinking. Teenage drinking is not legal, therefore teens usually cannot drink whenever they want. When teens do drink, they often times drink to get drunk on the†¦show more content†¦Fake IDs are often very effective because they are not always taken seriously in the bouncer world. There are approximately more fake IDs than real that are used on college campuses. A Her Campus survey found that â€Å"54.5% of readers surveyed had or currently have a fake ID† (Collins, 2012, p. 2). The people guarding the doors at clubs and bars aren’t always equipped to spot fake IDs. In an interview, FIRST NAME Shubaly, a New York bouncer, quoted â€Å"I never received any formal how-to-spot-a-fake-ID training† (Goldberg, 2009, p. 5). The rate that underaged people are getting into clubs factors into how easy it is for teens to get alcohol, which only increases the risk of a teen to get behind the whee l while under the influence, even if they were not planning on drinking that night. Teens who take on the responsibility of being a designated driver are sometimes still pressured into drinking. Teens who get peer pressured into drinking when they know they had a responsibility to drive later often still do. Some teens decide to drink a little bit at parties so it looks like they are trying to get drunk to other teens around them in order to look or feel cool. â€Å"While 71% of teens have tried alcohol by the end of high school, far fewer drink to get drunk† (Barker, 2013, p. 6). When a teen gives into peer pressure or takes â€Å"just one sip,† they do not always know what they are getting themselves into. Most kids wildly overestimate the prevalence of